Irony in "A Rose for Emily" and "Good Country People"

Omar Aba
Mrs. S. Aiken
English 1102-50
October 5, 2009

Irony in “A Rose for Emily” and “Good Country People”

Irony of situation is an outcome that turns out to be very different from what the reader expected, the difference between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen. Both William Faulkner’s “A Rose for Emily” and Flannery O’Connor’s “Good Country People” use irony as an unintended connection that goes beyond the most superficial evidence. Throughout the stories, both authors use their early evidence to suggest the opposite of their literal truth.

The first story Faulkner’s “A Rose for Emily”, is a short story about the eccentric life of Miss Emily Grierson and her odd relationships with her father, her lover, the town of Jefferson, and the horrible secret she hides. Emily is largely dependent upon her father, and by the time her father dies she starts isolating herself from the rest of the world. Furthermore, irony plays a big role in “A Rose for Emily”. One of the first ironies throughout the story is when Coronel Sartoris the city Mayor tells Miss Emily that she does not have to pay taxes in Jefferson. However, when a new city council takes over they begin to tax her once again. By the time she is confronted, Miss Emily reminds them that she does not have to pay taxes in Jefferson and to speak to Colonel Sartoris, although Colonel Sartoris had died 10 years earlier (527). This event tells a lot about how Miss Emily has lost sense of time due to her isolation.

For instance, another irony is when the narrator explains that the Griersons had always been a very proud Southern Family, and probably “held themselves a little too high for what they really were” (Faulkner 528). Mr. Grierson, Emily’s father, believed that no man was good enough for Emily. However, desperate for company Miss Emily falls in love with Homer Barron, a second class Yankee, who destroys her fine reputation. Finally, in the opening characterization, many descriptive words foreshadow the ultimate irony at the climatic ending. After Miss Emily’s funeral, the townspeople immediately go through her house where they discover a dusty room strangely decorated as a bridal room. Homer's remains lay on the bed, dressed in a nightshirt. Next to him is an impression of a head on a pillow where the townspeople find “long strand of iron-gray hair” (Faulkner 532). The disturbing ending implied that Miss Emily once the town’s “monument” (526), had killed Homer and slept with his dead body every night.

On the other hand, O’Connor’s “Good Country People” also uses situational irony as a key element. “Good Country People” is a story about a farm owner, named Mrs. Hopewell, her only daughter named Joy-Hulga, and a Bible salesman, named Manley Pointer. Mrs. Hopewell is an old divorced lady who persuades herself that she is in control of the situation and hopes everything goes well. Ironically, throughout the story, simply nothing goes well. Meanwhile, her daughter, Joy-Hulga, feels sorry for herself because she has lost her leg, wears glasses, and has a heart condition; however, she seems to place herself above the rest of society because of her education.

The situational irony stars building up when Hulga places herself above others, and by the time Manley Pointer comes along appearing so innocent and simple, she thinks she can easily outsmart him. However, Manley knows he can just as easily outsmart the prideful Hulga. Manley and Hulga make a date to have a picnic together the next day. In the picnic Manly manages to persuade her to take off her glasses and then her wooden leg that represent her faith and pride. After Hulga proves herself to Manley and blindly falls into his clever trap, Manley takes her leg which he packs in a suitcase, between a bible, liquor, and pornographic cards. Without regrets Manley abandons her in the woods.

This scene reveals different situational ironies. For example, first, Manley Pointer is suppose to be the one with many beliefs since he sells bibles, but at the end turns out to be is the one who does not believe in anything. Manly stated to Hulga, “You ain’t so smart. I been believing in nothing ever since I was born!” (O’Connor 144). Second, ironically Hulga claims to believe in nothing and is actually left with nothing, no pride, no intelligence, no faith, and no leg. Now, alone in the woods, Hulga must build herself up from zero.

Both William Faulkner’s “A Rose for Emily” and Flannery O’Connor’s “Good Country People” use irony as an unintended connection that goes beyond the most superficial evidence. In both stories situational irony represents an element that helps emphasize the plot and climax. In addition, these two stories, reveal many obscure aspects of human beings that not many authors write about, but is really common in life.


Work Cited

Faulkner William. “A Rose for Emily.” Literature The Human Experience. Richard Abcarian, Marvin Klotz. Massachusetts: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2007. 526-532.
O’Connor Flannery. “Good Country People.” Literature The Human Experience. Richard Abcarian, Marvin Klotz. Massachusetts: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2007. 100-114.

Omar Aba
Mrs. S. Aiken
English 1102-50
September 9, 09

Setting in “A Clean, Well-lighted Place”

Ernest Hemingway story “A Clean, Well lighted-Placed”, takes place at a café where two waiters (old and young) argue about a lonely old man who gets drunk every night and stay late at the café. Furthermore, the young and impatient waiter cannot understand that the old man and the older waiter like to stay really late at the café; “A Clean and Well-Lighted Café” for those who cannot sleep at night.

Setting takes a key role in Hemingway’s “A Clean, Well-lighted Place”. Along the story, Hemingway does not give much information about the main character, or plot. However Hemingway’s empty blank, are filled by the understanding of the different settings. Therefore, in “A clean, Well-lighted Place” Hemingway use setting as the third character that does not talk, but sometimes tell even more that the main characters.

Hemingway story stars at the Café. As the title explains the café is clean, with appropriate lighting. The story state that it is late at night and the place is empty “except an old man who sat in the shadow” (96). Meanwhile, the two waiters are talking about the old man who tried to commit suicide no long ago. Furthermore, the Café as the first setting gives many information about the old man. The setting tells that the old man wants to be alone and does not want to be bather, since he is setting in the shadow outside the café. The old man sitting in the shadow also illustrates his sense of darkness and death, now that he tried to commit suicide.

For instance, the young waiter does not comprehend why the old man cannot go drink at his house. He does not understand the important of a well-lighted and clean Café where the old man can escape from loneliness. Essentially, the light of the Café represent and escape of the darkness of “the nada”. As the older waiter illustrated, “this is a clean Café. It is well lighted. The light is very good and also, now, there are shadows of the leaves” (Hemingway 98).

Consequently, after the older waiter lives the Café he goes drink to a bar. This second setting reveals that the old waiter and the old man have the same fear of going home. However, the old waiter knows that the bar is not as pleasant as the Café. As the narrator explains, “He disliked bars and bodegas. A clean, well-lighted Café was a very different thing” (Hemingway 99). The second setting also tells a lot about the plot, and the old waiter. In fact, the dislike and the contras of the second setting explain why the older waiter feel sympathy for those who need a lighted cafe in the night, in contrast with a bar, which may not be lighted or clean and therefore it will only increase the fear of loneliness.

Finally, the story does not tell a lot about the old waiter home, however the setting speck from itself. The story state that old waiter home is actually a room, could be an apartment, or maybe a motel. Either way, the place is lonely and depressing. Therefore, the setting affirm the depression and loneliness of the old waiter, what in result foreshadow that he soon may be the old man in the café.

Setting takes a key role in Hemingway’s short story “A Clean, Well-lighted Place”. Essentially, Hemingway use setting as the third character that does not talk, but sometimes tell even more that the main characters. In addition, this story could have taken place in a different setting, however the Café seems the more appropriate place for this story since it has the elements of charming, inspiration, and mysterious.


Work Cited
Ernest Hemingway. “A Clean, Well-lighted Place.” Literature The Human Experience. Richard Abcarian, Marvin Klotz. Massachusetts: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2007. 96-99.